How to find the first Non-zero digit of a factorial?
I mean, how to find Rightmost non-zero digit of n! or R(n!).
let n be the given number.R(n!) be the function that will give us right most non-zero digit of n!.
write the given n in the following form:
n=5*q+r.
where, q-> quotientr-> remainder
R(n!) = Last Digit of [ 2 qx R(q!) x R(r!) ]
let's take an example:
what is first non-zero digit in 18!?
n=18,
it is re-written as 18=5*3+3.
R(18!)=Last Digit of [23xR(3!)xR(3!)]
=Last Digit of [8x6x6]
=8.
actual value of 18!=6402373705728000.
let's take even bigger one.what is first non-zero digit in 551!?
n=551.
Some of the factorials we are familiar with are:
0! = 1; 1! = 1; 2! = 2; 3! = 6; 4! = 24; 5! = 120; 6! = 720; 7! = 5040.let's take an example:
what is first non-zero digit in 18!?
n=18,
it is re-written as 18=5*3+3.
R(18!)=Last Digit of [23xR(3!)xR(3!)]
=Last Digit of [8x6x6]
=8.
actual value of 18!=6402373705728000.
let's take even bigger one.what is first non-zero digit in 551!?
551=5*110+1;
q=110, r=1
R(551!)=Last Digit of [2110xR(110!)xR(1!)]
It's a recursive procedure.
110=5x22+0
R(110!)=Last Digit of [222xR(22!)xR(0!)]
again, 22=5x4+2
R(22!)=Last Digit of [24xR(4!)xR(2!)]
=Last Digit of [16 x 24 x 2]
=8.
R(110!)=Last Digit of [222xR(22!)xR(0!)]
=Last Digit of [222x 8 x 1]
=Last Digit of[4 x 8 x 1]
=2.
R(551!)=Last Digit of [2110xR(110!)xR(1!)]
=Last Digit of [4 x 2 x 1]
=8.
finally R(551!)=8. (Is it not smart way of doing it?.)
just remember this,
R(n!) = Last Digit of [ 2 qx R(q!) x R(r!) ]
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